Physical

Creep Tests

ISO 899 Part 1 (1993): Plastics—Determination of Creep Behaviour—Part 1: Tensile Creep

ISO 899 Part 1 specifies a method for determining the tensile creep of plastics in the form of standard test specimens under specified conditions such as those of pre-treatment, temperature and humidity.

The method is suitable for use with rigid and semi-rigid non-reinforced, filled and fibre-reinforced plastics materials (see ISO 472 for definitions) in the form of dumb-bell-shaped test specimens moulded directly or machined from sheets or moulded articles.

The method is intended to provide data for engineering-design and research and development purposes. Data for engineering-design purposes requires the use of extensometers to measure the gauge length of the specimen. Data for research or quality control purposes may use the change in distance between the grips (nominal extension).

Tensile creep may vary significantly with differences in specimen preparation and dimensions and in the test environment. The thermal history of the test specimen can also have profound effects on its creep behaviour. Consequently, when precise comparative results are required, these factors must be carefully controlled.

If tensile-creep properties are to be used for engineering-design purposes, the plastics materials should be tested over a broad range of stresses, times and environmental conditions.

ISO 899 Part 2 (2003): Plastics—Determination of Creep Behaviour—Part 2: Flexural Creep by Three-Point Loading

ISO 899 Part 2 specifies a method for determining the flexural creep of plastics in the form of standard test specimens under specified conditions such as those of pretreatment, temperature and humidity. It applies only to a simple freely supported beam loaded at mid-span (three-point-loading test).

The method is suitable for use with rigid and semi-rigid non-reinforced, filled and fibre-reinforced plastics materials (see ISO 472 for definitions) in the form of dumb-bell-shaped test specimens moulded directly or machined from sheets or moulded articles.

Note:    The method may be unsuitable for certain fibre-reinforced materials due to differences in fibre orientation.

The method is intended to provide data for engineering-design and research and development purposes. Data for engineering-design purposes requires the use of extensometers to measure the gauge length of the specimen. Data for research or quality control purposes may use the change in distance between the grips (nominal extension).

Flexural creep may vary significantly with differences in specimen preparation and dimensions and in the test environment. The thermal history of the test specimen can also have profound effects on its creep behaviour (see Annex A). Consequently, when precise comparative results are required, these factors must be carefully controlled.

If flexural-creep properties are to be used for engineering-design purposes, the plastics materials should be tested over a broad range of stresses, times and environmental conditions.

The method may not be suitable for determining the flexural creep of rigid cellular plastics (attention is drawn in this respect to ISO 1209 Part 1, Cellular Plastics, Rigid—Flexural tests—Part 1: Bending test, and ISO 1209 Part 2, Cellular Plastics, Rigid—Flexural Tests—Part 2: Determination of Flexural Properties).

BS EN ISO 11403 Part 1 (2000): Plastics—Acquisition and Presentation of Comparable Multipoint Data—Part 1: Mechanical Properties

This part of ISO 11403 specifies test procedures for the acquisition and presentation of multipoint data on the following mechanical properties of plastics: (i) dynamic modulus; (ii) tensile properties at constant test speed (ultimate stress and strain, and tensile stress/strain curves); (iii) tensile creep; and (iv) charpy impact strength.

Note:    The test methods and test conditions apply predominantly to those plastics that can be injection or compression moulded or prepared as sheets of specified thickness from which specimens of the appropriate size can be machined.

Viscosity Tests

ISO 6721 Part 10 (1997): Plastics—Determination of Dynamic Mechanical Properties—Dynamic Shear Viscosity using Parallel Plate Oscillatory Rheometer

This international standard specifies the general principles of a method for determining the dynamic rheological properties of polymer melts at angular frequencies typically in the range 0.01 to 10 Hz by means of an oscillatory rheometer with a parallel plate test geometry.

Physical Properties - Other Tests

BS EN ISO 1183 Part 2 (2004): Plastics—Methods for Determining the Density of Non-Cellular Plastics—Part 2: Density Gradient Column Method

This part of ISO 1183 specifies a gradient column method for the determination of non-cellular moulded or extruded plastics in void-free form. Density gradient columns are columns containing a mixture of two liquids, the density in the column increasing uniformly from top to bottom.

Note:    This part of ISO 1183 is applicable to pellets as long as they are void-free. Density is frequently used to follow variations in physical structure or composition of plastic materials. Density may also be useful for assessing the uniformity of samples or specimens. Often the density of plastic materials will depend upon the choice of specimen preparation method. When this is the case, precise details of the specimen preparation method will have to be included in the appropriate material specification.

ISO 7387 Part 1 (1983): Adhesives with Solvents for Assembly of PVC-U Pipe Elements—Characterization—Part 1: Basic Test Methods

Specification of three basic test methods, which are essential in deciding the uniformity of an adhesive: Viscosity (dynamic and Brookfield viscosity), conventional dry matter content and ash content.

ISO 10364 (1993): Adhesives—Determination of Working Life (Pot Life) of Multi-Component Adhesives

Is intended to determine whether the working life conforms to the minimum specified working life required of an adhesive by viscosity tests or by bond strength tests or by both. The working life is determined by measuring the viscosity and/or bond strength at specified intervals. The time at which the bond strength drops to a specified level and/or a specified change in viscosity is obtained is considered the working life of the adhesive.

ISO 10363 (1992): Hot-Melt Adhesives—Determination of Thermal Stability

The method is based on placing a stainless steel or glass vessel in an oil bath or oven, adding a sufficient quantity of the adhesive to the vessel, melting the sample, measuring the viscosity at the operating temperature and the softening point, repeating these operations at regular time intervals of between 4 hrs and 6 hrs, until the time for stopping the test according to pre-determined criteria is reached, and observing and recording, at the time that each measurement is taken, the following phenomena: skin formation, fumes, phase separation, gelation, change in colour.

BS EN ISO 11357 Part 1 (1999): Plastics—Differential Scanning Calorimetry—General Principles

This international standard specifies general principles of differential scanning calorimetry, description of the principle and apparatus, sampling, calibration and general aspects of the procedure and test report common to all following parts. Details on performing distinct determinations for special methods are given in subsequent parts of this international standard.

The method is suitable for comparative measurements on polymeric materials. However, the results obtained may be influenced by systematic errors such as incorrect calibration, baseline correction, specimen conditioning and preparation etc. It is strongly recommended to establish polymeric reference materials (similar to those materials routinely analysed) for comparative analysis parallel with the materials being tested. This allows for comparison of data obtained from different laboratories, instruments, test dates, specimen conditioning and preparation procedures, etc.

ISO 11357 Part 2 (2001): Plastics—Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC)—Determination of glass transition temperature

This international standard specifies a testing method for the determination of the characteristic glass transition temperatures of amorphous and semi-crystalline plastics containing amorphous regions.

Note:    This standard needs to be read in conjunction with BS EN ISO 11357–1 (Differential Scanning Calorimeter—General Principles), which specifies type of instruments, sample geometry/mass, procedures, loading details along with the reporting information. The precision for the test method is not mentioned in the standard, as data was not available at time of publication.

ISO 11357 Part 3 (2001): Plastics—Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC)—Determination of temperature and enthalpy of melting and crystallisation

This international standard specifies a testing method for the determination of the temperature and enthalpies of melting and crystallisation or semi-crystalline plastics.

ISO/DIS: 11357 Part 4 (1999): Plastics—Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC)—Determination of Specific Heat Capacity

This international standard specifies the method for specific heat capacity of plastics by differential scanning calorimetry.

BS EN ISO 11357 Part 6 (2002): Plastics—Differential Scanning Calorimetry—Determination of Oxidation Induction Time

This international standard specifies a method for the determination of oxidation induction time (OIT) of polymeric materials by differential scanning calorimetry. It is applicable to polyolefin resins that are in a fully stabilized/compounded form, either as raw materials or finished products. It may be applicable to other plastics.

BS EN ISO 11357 Part 7 (2002): Plastics—Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC)—Determination of Crystallisation Kinetics

This proposed international standard uses two methods, isothermal and non-isothermal, for studying the crystallisation kinetics of thermoplastic semi-crystalline polymers using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC).

Note 1: It is only applicable to melted polymers.

Note 2: These methods are not suitable if the molecular structure of the polymer is modified during the test.

ISO/CD: 11357 Part 8 (1998): Plastics—Differential Scanning Calorimetry—Determination of Amount of Water Absorbed by Polymers

This international standard specifies the test method for the determination of amount of water absorbed by polymers by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). This method can also be used to measure the dry mass of hydrophilic samples.

BS EN ISO 11359 Part 1 (1999): Plastics—Thermomechanical Analysis (TMA)—General Principles

This international standard specifies the general conditions for the thermomechanical analysis of thermoplastics and thermosetting materials, filled or unfilled, in the form of sheet or moulded parts. Thermo-mechanical analysis consists of the determination of deformations of a test specimen as a function of temperature and/or time.

BS EN ISO 11359 Part 2 (1999): Plastics—Thermomechanical Analysis (TMA)—Determination of Coefficient of Linear Thermal Expansion and Glass Transition Temperature

This international standard specifies a test method, using thermodilatometry, for the determination of the coefficient of linear thermal expansion of plastics in a sold state by thermomechanical analysis (TMA). This part of ISO 11359 also specifies the determination of the glass transition temperature using TMA.

Note:    The coefficient of linear thermal expansion can be measured using various types of thermodilatometry apparatus. This part of ISO 11359 concerns only TMA apparatus.

BS EN ISO 11403 Part 1 (2000): Plastics—Acquisition and Presentation of Comparable Multipoint Data—Part 1: Mechanical Properties

This part of ISO 11403 specifies test procedures for the acquisition and presentation of multipoint data on the following mechanical properties of plastics: (i) dynamic modulus; (ii) tensile properties at constant test speed (ultimate stress and strain, and tensile stress/strain curves); (iii) tensile creep; and (iv) charpy impact strength.

Note:    The test methods and test conditions apply predominantly to those plastics that can be injection or compression moulded or prepared as sheets of specified thickness from which specimens of the appropriate size can be machined.