ISO STANDARDS - Summary

Mechanical

Cleavage Tests

ISO 10354 (1992): Adhesives—Characterization of Durability of Structural-Adhesive-Bonded Assemblies—Wedge Rupture Test

Simulates in a qualitative manner the forces and effects on an adhesive-bonded joint at a metal-adhesive/primer interface. It can also be used as a method of checking the surface preparation of substrates. The test is applicable at the present time to the bonding of aluminium and titanium alloys, but may be used for other metals and plastics, provided consideration is given to the thickness and rigidity of the adherends.

ISO 11343 (2003): Adhesives—Determination of Dynamic Resistance to Cleavage of High-Strength Adhesive Bonds Under Impact Conditions—Wedge Impact Method

This standard specifies a dynamic impact wedge method for the determination of the cleavage resistance under impact loading of high-strength adhesive bonds between two metallic adherends, when tested under specified conditions of preparation and testing. This test procedure does not provide design information.

The method allows a choice of sheet metal substrate corresponding to those materials frequently used in industry (e.g. for automotive applications).

Peel Tests

ISO 4578 (1997): Adhesives—Determination of Peel Resistance of High-Strength Adhesive Bonds—Floating-Roller Method

ISO 8510 Part 1 (1990) or BS EN 28510–1 (1993): Adhesives—Peel Test for a Flexible-Bonded-to-Rigid Test Specimen Assembly—Part 1: 90 Degree Peel

This international standard is particularly suitable for use with less flexible adherends for which a 180° peel test is not suitable because the adherends crack, break or delaminate. A bonded assembly of two adherends is prepared using the adhesive under test. The adherends are then pulled apart at a steady rate, starting at the open end of the bond in such a way that separation occurs progressively along the length of the bonded adherends. The force is applied approximately normal to the plane of the bond, through the separated part of the flexible adherend.

ISO 8510–2 (1990) or BS EN 28510–2 (1993): Adhesives—Peel Test for a Flexible-Bonded-to-Rigid Test Specimen Assembly—Part 2: 180 Degree Peel

This international standard is suitable for use with less flexible adherends. The principle consists in preparing a bonded assembly of two adherends, using the adhesive under test. The adherends are then pulled apart at a steady rate, starting at the open end of the bond in such a way that separation occurs progressively along the length of the bonded adherends. The force is applied substantially parallel to the plane of the bond, through the separated part of the flexible adherend.

ISO 11339 (2003): Adhesives—T-Peel Test for Flexible-to-Flexible Bonded Assemblies

This international standard specifies a T-peel test for the determination of the peel strength of an adhesive by measuring the peeling force of a T-shaped bonded assembly of two flexible adherends. This test procedure does not provide design information.

Note:    This method was originally developed for use with metal adherends, but other flexible adherends may also be used.

ISO 14676 (1997): Adhesives—Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Surface Treatment Techniques for Aluminium—Wet-Peel Test by Floating-Roller Method

This standard applies to the quality of a surface treatment of aluminium or its alloys for high-strength adhesive bonding.

Shear Tests

ISO 4587 (2003): Adhesives—Determination of Tensile Lap-Shear Strength of Rigid-to-Rigid Bonded Assemblies

This international standard specifies a method for determining the tensile lap-shear strength of rigid-to-rigid bonded assemblies using a standard specimen under specified conditions of preparation and testing. The test procedure does not provide design information.

ISO 6237 (2003): Adhesives—Wood-to-Wood Adhesive Bonds—Determination of Shear Strength by Tensile Loading

The standard specifies a method for determining the shear strength of wood-to-wood adhesive bonds, with a standard specimen loaded in tension and under specified conditions of preparation, conditioning and testing. This method is intended for testing only those adhesives used in bonding wood to wood in either parallel-laminated or cross-laminated construction. It is not intended for use in testing manufactured products.

ISO 9653 (1998): Adhesives—Test method for Shear Impact Strength of Adhesive Bonds

This International Standard specifies a method for the determination of the comparative impact value of adhesive bonds in shear, when tested on standard specimens, and using specified conditions of preparation, conditioning and testing.

The method is intended to be used for wood-to-wood or metal-to-metal bonds, but may be extended to cover plastics-to-plastics bonds as well as bonds between combinations of these materials.

ISO 10123 (1990): Adhesives—Determination of Shear Strength of Anaerobic Adhesives Using Pin-and-Collar Specimens

Also applicable to liquid adhesives used for locking and sealing threaded fasteners and to other adhesives. The test is for ranking and quality control of adhesives; the result does not reflect the performance of the materials in service. Determination of the force required to shear the adhesive joint formed between a metal pin and a metal collar. The static shear strength is calculated from this force.

ISO 10964 (1993): Adhesives—Determination of Torque Strength of Anaerobic Adhesives on Threaded Fasteners

The test method described is used to make comparative assessments of the securing or locking effect of anaerobic adhesives. It may be used for other types of adhesives. Its principle is determining the torque required to unscrew a bonded nut and bolt assembly, including the initial torque required to break the bond, and the torque measured after turning the nut 180°.

ISO 11003 Part 1 (2001): Adhesives—Determination of Shear Behaviour of Structural Adhesives—Part 1: Torsion Test Method Using Butt-Bonded Hollow Cylinders

This part of ISO 11003 specifies a shear test for the characterization of adhesives in a bond. The shear stress/strain properties of the adhesive (including the shear modulus) are useful for advanced design work, e.g. in finite element analysis methods.

ISO 11003 Part 2 (2001): Adhesives—Determination of Shear Behaviour of Structural Adhesives—Part 2: Tensile Test Method Using Thick Adherends

This part of ISO 11003 specifies a test method for determining the shear behaviour of an adhesive in a single-lap joint bonded assembly when subjected to a tensile force. The test is performed on specimens consisting of thick, rigid adherends, with a short length of overlap, in order to obtain the most uniform distribution of shear stresses possible and to minimise other stress states, which initiate failure.

This test method may be used to determine:

• the shear-stress against shear-strain curve to failure of the adhesive
• the shear modulus of the adhesive
• other adhesive properties that can be derived from the stress/strain curve such as secant shear modulus and maximum shear stress
• the effect of temperature, environment, test speed, etc., on these properties.

ISO 13445 (2003): Adhesives—Determination of Shear Strength of Adhesive Bonds between Rigid Substrates by the Block-Shear Method

This international standard defines a method for the determination of the shear strength of adhesives used to bond materials with elastic moduli higher than the elastic modulus of the adhesive. The method provides an estimate of the shear strength of an adhesive on various machinable and non-machinable substrates.

Tensile Tests

BS EN ISO 527 Part 1 (1993): Plastics—Determination of Tensile Properties—General Principles

This international standard specifies the general principles for determining the tensile properties of plastics and plastic composites under defined conditions. Several different types of test specimen are defined to suit different types of material, which are detailed in subsequent parts of ISO 527.

Note:    The methods specified are selectively suitable for use with the following range of materials: rigid and semi-rigid thermoplastics moulding, including filled and reinforced compounds in addition to unfilled types, sheets and films, rigid and semi-rigid thermosetting moulding materials including filled and reinforced compounds, and sheets including laminates, as well as fibre-reinforced thermoset and thermoplastics composites.

ISO 604 (2002): Plastics—Determination of Compressive Properties

This international standard specifies a method for determining the compression properties of plastics under defined conditions. A standard test specimen is defined and its length is adjusted to prevent buckling under load from affecting the results. A range of testing speeds is included.

The method is used to investigate the compressive behaviour of the test specimens and for determining the compressive strength, compressive modulus and other aspects of the compressive stress/strain relationship under the conditions defined.

The method applies to the following materials:

Rigid and semi-rigid thermoplastics moulding, extrusion and cast materials, including compounds filled and reinforced by example short fibres, small rods, plates or granules in addition to unfilled types; rigid and semi-rigid thermoplastic sheet;

Rigid and semi-rigid thermoset moulding materials, including filled and reinforced compounds; rigid and semi-rigid thermoset sheet;

Thermoplastic liquid crystal polymers

The method is not normally suitable for use with materials reinforced by textile fibres, rigid cellular materials and sandwich structures containing cellular material.

The method is performed using specimens, which may be either moulded to the chosen dimensions, machined from the central portion of the standard multi-purpose specimen or machined from finished and semi-finished products, such as mouldings, laminates and extruded or cast sheet.

The method specifies preferred dimensions for the test specimen. Tests carried out on specimens of different dimensions or on specimens prepared under different conditions may produce results that are not comparable. Other factors, such as the testing speed and the conditioning of the specimens can also influence the results. Consequently, when comparative data are required, these factors should be carefully controlled and recorded.

ISO 6922 (1987): Adhesives—Determination of Tensile Strength of Butt Joints

Specifies a method for determining the bond strength of a butt joint when subjected to tensile force. The method is applicable to all types of adhesives. A joint formed from two bar or rod adherends bonded by faces normal to their length is stressed to rupture by a tensile force. The test result is expressed as the arithmetic mean of the breaking force of five valid tests.

BS EN ISO 9664 (1995): Adhesives—Test Methods for Fatigue Properties of Structural Adhesives in Tensile Shear

This international standard specifies a method for estimating the fatigue strength of adhesives in shear by tension loading, using standardised specimens under specified conditions, with the aim of characterising structural adhesives on a given metallic substrate. The principle of the method specified is cyclically stressing the specimen in a way that may be regarded as the superposition of an alternating stress on a static stress, which is the mean stress. The number of cycles at failure of the specimen for a given mean stress and stress amplitude is determined. These values are used to establish S-N curves, which then permit the estimation of the confidence zone concerning the fatigue resistance of a joint.

The fatigue properties are a function of the specimen geometry. The results do not correspond to intrinsic properties of the adhesive and cannot be used for design purposes.

BS EN ISO 11403 Part 1 (2000): Plastics—Acquisition and Presentation of Comparable Multipoint Data—Part 1: Mechanical Properties

This part of ISO 11403 specifies test procedures for the acquisition and presentation of multipoint data on the following mechanical properties of plastics: (i) dynamic modulus; (ii) tensile properties at constant test speed (ultimate stress and strain, and tensile stress/strain curves); (iii) tensile creep; and (iv) charpy impact strength.

Note:    The test methods and test conditions apply predominantly to those plastics that can be injection or compression moulded or prepared as sheets of specified thickness from which specimens of the appropriate size can be machined.

Mechanical Properties - Other Tests

BS EN ISO 178 (1998): Plastics—Determination of Flexural Properties

This international standard specifies a method for determining the flexural properties of plastics under defined conditions. A standard test specimen is defined, but parameters are included for alternative specimen sizes for use where appropriate. A range of testing speeds is included.

The method is used to investigate the flexural behaviour of test specimens and for determining the flexural strength, flexural modulus and other aspects of flexural stress/strain relationships under the conditions defined. It applies to a freely supported beam, loaded a mid-span three-point loading test.

The method is suitable for use with the following range of materials:

Thermoplastics moulding and extrusion materials, including filled and reinforced compounds in addition to unfilled types, rigid thermoplastic sheets.

Thermosetting moulding materials, including filled and reinforced compounds, thermosetting moulding materials, including filled and reinforced compounds, thermosetting sheets, including laminates.

Fibre-reinforced thermoset and thermoplastic composites, incorporating unidirectional or non-directional reinforcements, such as mat, woven fabrics, woven rovings, chopped strands, combination and hybrid reinforcements, rovings and milled fibres; sheets made from pre-impregnated materials (prepregs).

This method is not normally suitable for use with rigid cellular materials and sandwich structures containing cellular material.

Note:    For certain types of textile-fibre-reinforced plastics, a four-point bending test is preferred. This is currently under consideration in ISO.

The method is performed using specimens, which may be either moulded to the chosen dimensions, machined from the central portion of a standard multi-purpose test specimen or machined from finished and semi-finished products, such as mouldings, laminates and extruded or cast sheet.

This method specifies preferred dimensions for the test specimen. Tests carried out on specimens with different dimensions, or on specimens that are prepared under different conditions, may produce results that are not comparable. Other factors, such as the speed of testing and the conditioning of the specimens, can also influence the results. Consequently, when comparative data are required, these factors must be carefully controlled and recorded.

Flexural properties can only be used for engineering design purposes for materials with linear stress/strain behaviour. For non-linear material behaviour, the flexural properties are only nominal. The bending test should preferentially be used with brittle materials, for which tensile tests are difficult.

ISO 604 (2002): Plastics—Determination of Compressive Properties

This international standard specifies a method for determining the compression properties of plastics under defined conditions. A standard test specimen is defined and its length is adjusted to prevent buckling under load from affecting the results. A range of testing speeds is included.

The method is used to investigate the compressive behaviour of the test specimens and for determining the compressive strength, compressive modulus and other aspects of the compressive stress/strain relationship under the conditions defined.

The method applies to the following materials:

Rigid and semi-rigid thermoplastics moulding, extrusion and cast materials, including compounds filled and reinforced by example short fibres, small rods, plates or granules in addition to unfilled types; rigid and semi-rigid thermoplastic sheet;

Rigid and semi-rigid thermoset moulding materials, including filled and reinforced compounds; rigid and semi-rigid thermoset sheet;

Thermoplastic liquid crystal polymers

The method is not normally suitable for use with materials reinforced by textile fibres, rigid cellular materials and sandwich structures containing cellular material.

The method is performed using specimens, which may be either moulded to the chosen dimensions, machined from the central portion of the standard multi-purpose specimen or machined from finished and semi-finished products, such as mouldings, laminates and extruded or cast sheet.

The method specifies preferred dimensions for the test specimen. Tests carried out on specimens of different dimensions or on specimens prepared under different conditions may produce results that are not comparable. Other factors, such as the testing speed and the conditioning of the specimens can also influence the results. Consequently, when comparative data are required, these factors should be carefully controlled and recorded.

BS EN ISO 11403 Part 1 (2000): Plastics—Acquisition and Presentation of Comparable Multipoint Data—Part 1: Mechanical Properties

This part of ISO 11403 specifies test procedures for the acquisition and presentation of multipoint data on the following mechanical properties of plastics: (i) dynamic modulus; (ii) tensile properties at constant test speed (ultimate stress and strain, and tensile stress/strain curves); (iii) tensile creep; and (iv) charpy impact strength.

Note:    The test methods and test conditions apply predominantly to those plastics that can be injection or compression moulded or prepared as sheets of specified thickness from which specimens of the appropriate size can be machined.