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Physical

Creep Tests

ASTM D 1780–99: Standard Practice for Conducting Creep Tests of Metal-to-Metal Adhesives

This practice covers the determination of the amount of creep of metal-to-metal adhesive bonds due to the combined effects of temperature, tensile shear stress, and time. Since the characteristics that render a material resistant to creep under the condition of test are not yet completely known, the details of the procedure considered herein are those known to have important influences. Since other equally important characteristics may be discovered in the future, the recommended details are largely advisory in nature. Test periods depend upon the reasonable life expected from the material in service. The uncertainties of extrapolation should be considered in deciding upon the length of the test.

Extracted, with permission, from ASTM D 1780–99: Standard Practice for Conducting Creep Tests of Metal-to-Metal Adhesives, copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428. A copy of the complete standard may be purchased from ASTM International, phone:610-832-9585, fax: 610-832-9555, e-mail: service@astm.org, website: www.astm.org.

ASTM D 2293–96 (2002): Standard Test Method for Creep Properties of Adhesives in Shear by Compression Loading (Metal-to-Metal)

This test method covers the determination of the creep properties of adhesives for bonding metals when tested on a standard specimen and subjected to certain conditions of temperature and compressive stress in a spring-loaded testing apparatus.

Extracted, with permission, from ASTM D 2293–96 (2002): Standard Test Method for Creep Properties of Adhesives in Shear by Compression Loading (Metal-to-Metal), copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428. A copy of the complete standard may be purchased from ASTM International, phone:610-832-9585, fax: 610-832-9555, e-mail: service@astm.org, website: www.astm.org.

ASTM D 2294–96 (2002): Standard Test Method for Creep Properties of Adhesives in Shear by Tension Loading (Metal-to-Metal)

This test method covers the determination of the creep properties of adhesives for bonding metals when tested on a standard specimen and subjected to certain conditions of temperature and tensile stress in a spring-loaded testing apparatus. The test method is applicable to the temperature range from -55 to +260°C (-67 to +500°F).

Extracted, with permission, from ASTM D 2294–96 (2002): Standard Test Method for Creep Properties of Adhesives in Shear by Tension Loading (Metal-to-Metal), copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428. A copy of the complete standard may be purchased from ASTM International, phone:610-832-9585, fax: 610-832-9555, e-mail: service@astm.org, website: www.astm.org.

Viscosity Tests

ASTM D 562–01: Standard Test Method for Consistency of Paints Measuring Krebs Unit (KU) Viscosity Using a Stormer-Type Viscometer

This test method covers the measurement of Krebs Unit (KU) viscosity to evaluate the consistency of paints and related coatings using the Stormer-type viscometer.

Extracted, with permission, from ASTM D 562–01: Standard Test Method for Consistency of Paints Measuring Krebs Unit (KU) Viscosity Using a Stormer-Type Viscometer, copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428. A copy of the complete standard may be purchased from ASTM International, phone:610-832-9585, fax: 610-832-9555, e-mail: service@astm.org, website: www.astm.org.

ASTM D 1084–97: Standard Test Methods for Viscosity of Adhesives

These test methods cover the determination of the viscosity of free-flowing adhesives.

Extracted, with permission, from ASTM D 1084–97: Standard Test Methods for Viscosity of Adhesives, copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428. A copy of the complete standard may be purchased from ASTM International, phone:610-832-9585, fax: 610-832-9555, e-mail: service@astm.org, website: www.astm.org.

ASTM D 1200–94 (1999): Standard Test Method for Viscosity by Ford Viscosity Cup

This test method covers the determination of the viscosity of Newtonian or near-Newtonian paints, varnishes, lacquers, and related liquid materials with the Ford-type efflux viscosity cup. If the material is non-Newtonian, that is, shear-thinning or thixotropic, ASTM D 2196 should be used.

Extracted, with permission, from ASTM D 1200–94 (1999): Standard Test Method for Viscosity by Ford Viscosity Cup, copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428. A copy of the complete standard may be purchased from ASTM International, phone:610-832-9585, fax: 610-832-9555, e-mail: service@astm.org, website: www.astm.org.

ASTM D 2556–93a (1997): Standard Test Method for Apparent Viscosity of Adhesives Having Shear-Rate-Dependent Flow Properties

This test method covers the measurement of the apparent viscosity of shear-rate-dependent adhesives. Measurements are applicable to spindle, disk, T-bar and coaxial cylinder viscometer.

Extracted, with permission, from ASTM D 2556–93a (1997): Standard Test Method for Apparent Viscosity of Adhesives Having Shear-Rate-Dependent Flow Properties, copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428. A copy of the complete standard may be purchased from ASTM International, phone:610-832-9585, fax: 610-832-9555, e-mail: service@astm.org, website: www.astm.org.

ASTM D 3236–88 (2004): Standard Test Method for Apparent Viscosity of Hot Melt Adhesives and Coating Materials

This test method covers the determination of the apparent viscosity of hot melt adhesives and coating materials compounded with additives and having apparent viscosities up to 200,000 mPa·s at temperatures up to 175°C (347°F). Although precision has not been studied, this procedure may be adaptable to viscosities higher than the present 200,000 mPa·s limit and temperatures above 175°C (347°F). Equipment described in this test method permits testing of materials having viscosities as high as 16 x 106 mPa·s and provides temperatures up to 260°C (500°F). For petroleum waxes and their blends having apparent viscosities below 15 mPa·s, ASTM D 445 is especially applicable.

Extracted, with permission, from ASTM D 3236–88 (2004): Standard Test Method for Apparent Viscosity of Hot Melt Adhesives and Coating Materials, copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428. A copy of the complete standard may be purchased from ASTM International, phone:610-832-9585, fax: 610-832-9555, e-mail: service@astm.org, website: www.astm.org.

Physical Properties - Other Tests

ASTM C 679–03: Standard Test Method for Tack-Free Time of Elastomeric Sealants

This test method covers a procedure for the determination of the tack-free time property of single- and multi-component elastomeric sealants commonly used for sealing, caulking , and glazing in buildings and related construction.

This test method is applicable to self-levelling and non-sag grades of sealant. Sealants requiring slight heating to facilitate extrusion from the cartridge or gun are also described by this test method. See Specification ASTM C 920 for type and grade definitions.

Extracted, with permission, from ASTM C 679–03: Standard Test Method for Tack-Free Time of Elastomeric Sealants, copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428. A copy of the complete standard may be purchased from ASTM International, phone:610-832-9585, fax: 610-832-9555, e-mail: service@astm.org, website: www.astm.org.

ASTM D 257–99: Standard Test Methods for DC Resistance or Conductance of Insulating Materials

These test methods cover direct-current procedures for the determination of dc insulation resistance, volume resistance, volume resistivity, surface resistance, and surface resistivity of electrical insulating materials, or the corresponding conductances and conductivities. These test methods are unsuitable for use in measuring the electrical resistivity/conductivity of moderately conductive materials. Use ASTM D 4496 to evaluate such materials.

Extracted, with permission, from ASTM D 257–99: Standard Test Methods for DC Resistance or Conductance of Insulating Materials, copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428. A copy of the complete standard may be purchased from ASTM International, phone:610-832-9585, fax: 610-832-9555, e-mail: service@astm.org, website: www.astm.org.

ASTM D 523–89 (1999): Standard Test Method for Specular Gloss

This test method covers the measurement of the specular gloss of non-metallic specimens for glossmeter geometries of 60°, 20°, and 85° incident angles.

Extracted, with permission, from ASTM D 523–89 (1999): Standard Test Method for Specular Gloss, copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428. A copy of the complete standard may be purchased from ASTM International, phone:610-832-9585, fax: 610-832-9555, e-mail: service@astm.org, website: www.astm.org.

ASTM D 724–99 (2003): Standard Test Method for Surface Wettability of Paper (Angle-of-Contact Method)

This test method measures the angle of contact when a drop of liquid is applied to the surface of a specimen of paper. It covers the measurement of both the initial angle of contact and the angle of contact after a defined elapsed period of time may be measured. A standard liquid (ink) for making measurements is described. Other liquids including printing inks, writing inks, adhesives, oils, and coating materials may be used (upon agreement of those involved in the testing being done). Two types of apparatus for measuring the contact angle using the procedure in this test method are described. Additional instruments that can perform the procedure in this test method may also provide equivalent results. A different procedure using an automated instrument for measuring angle of contact can be found in ASTM D 5725.

Extracted, with permission, from ASTM D 724–99 (2003): Standard Test Method for Surface Wettability of Paper (Angle-of-Contact Method), copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428. A copy of the complete standard may be purchased from ASTM International, phone:610-832-9585, fax: 610-832-9555, e-mail: service@astm.org, website: www.astm.org.

ASTM D 898–96: Standard Test Method for Applied Weight Per Unit Area of Dried Adhesive Solids

This test method covers the determination of the quantity of adhesive solids applied in a spreading or coating operation.

Extracted, with permission, from ASTM D 898–96: Standard Test Method for Applied Weight Per Unit Area of Dried Adhesive Solids, copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428. A copy of the complete standard may be purchased from ASTM International, phone:610-832-9585, fax: 610-832-9555, e-mail: service@astm.org, website: www.astm.org.

ASTM D 899–00: Standard Practice for Applied Weight Per Unit Area of Liquid Adhesive

This practice provides a procedure for the estimation of the quantity of liquid adhesive applied in a spreading or coating operation.

Extracted, with permission, from ASTM D 899–00: Standard Practice for Applied Weight Per Unit Area of Liquid Adhesive, copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428. A copy of the complete standard may be purchased from ASTM International, phone:610-832-9585, fax: 610-832-9555, e-mail: service@astm.org, website: www.astm.org.

ASTM D 903–00: Standard Practice for Applied Weight Per Unit Area of Liquid Adhesive

This test method covers the determination of the comparative peel or stripping characteristics of adhesive bonds when tested on standard-sized specimens and under defined conditions of pre-treatment, temperature and testing machine speed.

Extracted, with permission, from ASTM D 903–00: Standard Practice for Applied Weight Per Unit Area of Liquid Adhesive, copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428. A copy of the complete standard may be purchased from ASTM International, phone:610-832-9585, fax: 610-832-9555, e-mail: service@astm.org, website: www.astm.org.

ASTM D 1005–95 (2001): Standard Test Method for Measurement of Dry-Film Thickness of Organic Coatings Using Micrometers

This test method covers the measurement of film thickness of dried films of paint, varnish, lacquer, and related products using micrometers. Procedures A and B utilize stationary micrometers and Procedures C and D, hand-held micrometers. Procedures A and C are not recommended for films less than 0.5 mils (12.5 ΅m) in thickness. The minimum thickness required for Procedures B and D is a function of that required to enable removal of the sample as a free film. The procedures covered are as follows:

Procedure A: Stationary micrometer for measuring coatings applied to plane rigid surfaces.

Procedure B: Stationary micrometer for measuring free films.

Procedure C: Hand-held micrometer for measuring coatings applied to plane rigid surfaces.

Procedure D: Hand-held micrometer for measuring free films.

Extracted, with permission, from ASTM D 1005–95 (2001): Standard Test Method for Measurement of Dry-Film Thickness of Organic Coatings Using Micrometers, copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428. A copy of the complete standard may be purchased from ASTM International, phone:610-832-9585, fax: 610-832-9555, e-mail: service@astm.org, website: www.astm.org.

ASTM D 1212–91(2001): Standard Test Methods for Measurement of Wet Film Thickness of Organic Coatings

These test methods cover the determination of wet film thickness of organic coatings such as paint, varnish and lacquer. Two methods are described as follows:

In Test Method A , the Wet Film Thickness Gage (English or Metric graduation) is used to measure wet film thicknessed up to 60 mils on the English scale series, and up to 700 mm on the metric scale series.

In Test Method B , the Pfund Gage is used to measure wet film thicknesses up to 14.2 mils (360 ΅m).

ASTM D 1337–04: Standard Practice for Storage Life of Adhesives by Viscosity and Bond Strength

This practice covers a means by which the storage life of an adhesive can be measured using viscosity and adhesive performance testing.

Extracted, with permission, from ASTM D 1212–91(2001): Standard Test Methods for Measurement of Wet Film Thickness of Organic Coatings, copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428. A copy of the complete standard may be purchased from ASTM International, phone:610-832-9585, fax: 610-832-9555, e-mail: service@astm.org, website: www.astm.org.

ASTM D 1338–99: Standard Practice for Working Life of Liquid or Paste Adhesives by Consistency and Bond Strength

This practice covers two procedures applicable to all adhesives having a relatively short working life. It is intended to determine whether the working life conforms to the minimum specified working life of an adhesive required by consistency tests or by bond strength tests, or by both.

Extracted, with permission, from ASTM D 1338–99: Standard Practice for Working Life of Liquid or Paste Adhesives by Consistency and Bond Strength, copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428. A copy of the complete standard may be purchased from ASTM International, phone:610-832-9585, fax: 610-832-9555, e-mail: service@astm.org, website: www.astm.org.

ASTM D 1400–00: Standard Test Method for Non-destructive Measurement of Dry Film Thickness of Nonconductive Coatings Applied to a Nonferrous Metal Base

This test method covers the non-destructive measurement of the dry film thickness of electrically nonconductive coatings applied over a nonferrous metal base using commercially available eddy current instruments. This test method is intended to supplement manufacturers’ instructions for the manual operation of the gages, and is not intended to replace them. This test method is not applicable to coatings that will be readily deformable under the load of the measuring instruments, as the instrument probe must be placed directly on the coating surface to take a reading.

Extracted, with permission, from ASTM D 1400–00: Standard Test Method for Non-destructive Measurement of Dry Film Thickness of Nonconductive Coatings Applied to a Nonferrous Metal Base, copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428. A copy of the complete standard may be purchased from ASTM International, phone:610-832-9585, fax: 610-832-9555, e-mail: service@astm.org, website: www.astm.org.

ASTM D 1525–00: Standard Test Method for Vicat Softening Temperature of Plastics

This test method covers determination of the temperature at which a specified needle penetration occurs when specimens are subjected to specified controlled test conditions. The test method is not recommended for ethyl cellulose, nonrigid poly (vinyl chloride), poly (vinylidene chloride), or other materials having a wide Vicat softening range.

Extracted, with permission, from ASTM D 1525–00: Standard Test Method for Vicat Softening Temperature of Plastics, copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428. A copy of the complete standard may be purchased from ASTM International, phone:610-832-9585, fax: 610-832-9555, e-mail: service@astm.org, website: www.astm.org.

ASTM D 2377–00: Standard Test Method for Tack-Free Time of Caulking Compounds and Sealants

This test method covers the determination of the tack-free time property of caulking compounds and sealants. This test method is applicable to both gun and knife grades.

Extracted, with permission, from ASTM D 2377–00: Standard Test Method for Tack-Free Time of Caulking Compounds and Sealants, copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428. A copy of the complete standard may be purchased from ASTM International, phone:610-832-9585, fax: 610-832-9555, e-mail: service@astm.org, website: www.astm.org.

ASTM D 2578–04a: Standard Test Method for Wetting Tension of Polyethylene and Polypropylene Films

This test method covers the measurement of the wetting tension of a polyethylene or polypropylene film surface in contact with drops of specific test solutions in the presence of air.

Extracted, with permission, from ASTM D 2578–04a: Standard Test Method for Wetting Tension of Polyethylene and Polypropylene Films, copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428. A copy of the complete standard may be purchased from ASTM International, phone:610-832-9585, fax: 610-832-9555, e-mail: service@astm.org, website: www.astm.org.

ASTM D 2979–01: Standard Test Method for Pressure-Sensitive Tack of Adhesives Using an Inverted Probe Machine

This test method covers measurement of the pressure-sensitive tack of adhesives. The test method is applicable to those adhesives which form a bond of measurable strength rapidly upon contact with another surface and which can be removed from that surface cleanly, that is, without leaving a residue visible to the eye. For such adhesives, tack may be measured as the force required to separate adhesive and adherend at the interface shortly after they have been brought into contact under a defined load of known duration at a specified temperature.

Extracted, with permission, from ASTM D 2979–01: Standard Test Method for Pressure-Sensitive Tack of Adhesives Using an Inverted Probe Machine, copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428. A copy of the complete standard may be purchased from ASTM International, phone:610-832-9585, fax: 610-832-9555, e-mail: service@astm.org, website: www.astm.org.

ASTM D 3121–94(1999): Standard Test Method for Tack of Pressure-Sensitive Adhesives by Rolling Ball

This test method covers measurement of the comparative tack of pressure-sensitive adhesives by a rolling ball and is most appropriate for low-tack adhesives. The test method is only one of several available for the measurement of tack and is not recommended for the specification of end use products.

Extracted, with permission, from ASTM D 3121–94(1999): Standard Test Method for Tack of Pressure-Sensitive Adhesives by Rolling Ball, copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428. A copy of the complete standard may be purchased from ASTM International, phone:610-832-9585, fax: 610-832-9555, e-mail: service@astm.org, website: www.astm.org.

ASTM D 4333–99: Test Method for the Compatibility Resistance of Mechanical Pump Dispenser Components

This test method covers testing of the components of mechanical pump dispensers (spray or flow types) for compatibility with consumer-type products.

Extracted, with permission, from ASTM D 4333–99: Test Method for the Compatibility Resistance of Mechanical Pump Dispenser Components, copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428. A copy of the complete standard may be purchased from ASTM International, phone:610-832-9585, fax: 610-832-9555, e-mail: service@astm.org, website: www.astm.org.

ASTM D 5286–01: Standard Test Methods for Determination of Transfer Efficiency Under General Production Conditions for Spray Application of Paints (V 6.02)

These test methods cover the determination of the transfer efficiency of spray-applied coatings under general plant conditions. Transfer efficiency is the ratio of paint solids deposited to the total paint solids used during the application process, expressed as a percent. It is calculated from the weight or volume of the paint solids sprayed and that of the paint solids deposited on the painted part. Limitations include the ability to accurately determine the amount of paint solids deposited on the part and the capability of accurate measurement of the amount of paint sprayed.

Note 1: These test methods apply to general plant production equipment and procedures. A method specific to automotive plants is defined in ASTM D 5066.

Note 2: The relationship between volatile organic compound emission rates and transfer efficiency in automobile and light duty truck topcoat operations, EPA 450/3–88–018, referenced in ASTM D 5066 does not apply to general production facilities.

Note 3: A single-point transfer efficiency measurement may not represent the entire process.

Note 4: The operator and the spray-application equipment-operating conditions during the transfer efficiency measurement should be representative of normal operating conditions.

Note 5: These test methods have not been adopted by federal regulatory agencies for demonstration of compliance with air pollution regulations such as VOC, HAPS, etc.

Extracted, with permission, from ASTM D 5286–01: Standard Test Methods for Determination of Transfer Efficiency Under General Production Conditions for Spray Application of Paints (V 6.02), copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428. A copy of the complete standard may be purchased from ASTM International, phone:610-832-9585, fax: 610-832-9555, e-mail: service@astm.org, website: www.astm.org.

ASTM D 5725–99 (2003): Standard Test Method for Surface Wettability and Absorbency of Sheeted Materials Using an Automated Contact Angle Tester

This test method measures the contact angle of a test liquid in contact with a flat specimen of a film or a paper substrate under specified test conditions. The test method may be used with any liquid of interest, which is compatible with the equipment used, particularly with regard to liquid viscosity, tackiness, and vapour pressure (evaporation). This test method may be used with any substrate of interest, which can be cut to dimensions compatible with the equipment used. For materials which absorb the test liquid under the specified test conditions, the rate of change of the contact angle as a function of time may be significant, and may be determined using procedures described in this test method. It is also possible to evaluate the absorptive properties of a surface, as the remaining liquid volume on top of the specimen surface is measured as a function of time. The conditions required in this test method specify reagent water as the test liquid when testing papers designed to be absorbent, such as absorbent tissue grades.

Conditions are specified for the testing of a wide range of papers considered to be of low absorbance or non-absorbent, including release papers, sized, coated, or un-sized papers designed for printing, writing, wrapping, and similar tasks where the paper surface interaction with aqueous or solvent based inks or other aqueous or non-aqueous liquids is important. In such cases, test liquids other than reagent water, including writing and printing inks, or organic liquids or mixtures of organic liquids may be used as the test liquid upon prior agreement of those involved in the testing, provided the liquid is compatible with the equipment used. Where test liquids other than reagent water are used, the actual liquid used is reported.

Extracted, with permission, from ASTM D 5725–99 (2003): Standard Test Method for Surface Wettability and Absorbency of Sheeted Materials Using an Automated Contact Angle Tester, copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428. A copy of the complete standard may be purchased from ASTM International, phone:610-832-9585, fax: 610-832-9555, e-mail: service@astm.org, website: www.astm.org.

ASTM D 5946–04: Standard Test Method for Corona-Treated Polymer Films Using Water Contact Angle Measurements

This test method covers measurement of the contact angle of water droplets on corona-treated polymer film surfaces. There is no similar or equivalent ISO standard.

Extracted, with permission, from ASTM D 5946–04: Standard Test Method for Corona-Treated Polymer Films Using Water Contact Angle Measurements, copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428. A copy of the complete standard may be purchased from ASTM International, phone:610-832-9585, fax: 610-832-9555, e-mail: service@astm.org, website: www.astm.org.

ASTM D 6005–03: Standard Test Method for Determining Slump Resistance of Carpet Adhesives

This test method describes a procedure to measure slump, or sag, resistance of a trowel-grade carpet adhesive using a button slump test apparatus. The test method provides a visual evaluation to relate troweled bead profile and trowel pickup.

Extracted, with permission, from ASTM D 6005–03: Standard Test Method for Determining Slump Resistance of Carpet Adhesives, copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428. A copy of the complete standard may be purchased from ASTM International, phone:610-832-9585, fax: 610-832-9555, e-mail: service@astm.org, website: www.astm.org.

ASTM F 22–02: Standard Test Method for Hydrophobic Surface Films by the Water-Break Test

This test method covers the detection of the presence of hydrophobic (non-wetting) films on surfaces and the presence of hydrophobic organic materials in processing ambients. When properly conducted, the test will enable detection of molecular layers of hydrophobic organic contaminants. On very rough or porous surfaces, the sensitivity of the test may be significantly decreased.

Extracted, with permission, from ASTM F 22–02: Standard Test Method for Hydrophobic Surface Films by the Water-Break Test, copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428. A copy of the complete standard may be purchased from ASTM International, phone:610-832-9585, fax: 610-832-9555, e-mail: service@astm.org, website: www.astm.org.