ASTM STANDARDS - Summary

This test method covers the determination of the comparative cleavage properties of adhesive bonds when tested on standard shape metal specimens under specified conditions of preparation and testing. It may be used also to compare adhesives used with other metallic materials having any specified surface treatment.

Extracted, with permission, from ASTM D 1062–02: Standard Test Method for Cleavage Strength of Metal-to-Metal Adhesive Bonds, copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428. A copy of the complete standard may be purchased from ASTM International, phone:610-832-9585, fax: 610-832-9555, e-mail: service@astm.org, website: www.astm.org.

ASTM D 3433–99: Standard Test Method for Fracture Strength in Cleavage of Adhesives in Bonded Metal Joints

This test method covers the determination of fracture strength in cleavage of adhesives when tested on standard specimens and under specified conditions of preparation and testing. The test method is useful in that it can be used to develop design parameters for bonded assemblies. While this test method is intended for use in metal-to-metal applications it may be used for measuring fracture properties of adhesives using plastic adherends, provided consideration is given to the thickness and rigidity of the plastic adherends.

Extracted, with permission, from ASTM D 3433–99: Standard Test Method for Fracture Strength in Cleavage of Adhesives in Bonded Metal Joints, copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428. A copy of the complete standard may be purchased from ASTM International, phone:610-832-9585, fax: 610-832-9555, e-mail: service@astm.org, website: www.astm.org.

ASTM D 3807–98 (2004): Standard Test Method for Strength Properties of Adhesives in Cleavage Peel by Tension Loading (Engineering Plastics-to-Engineering Plastics)

This test method covers the determination of the comparative cleavage/peel strengths of adhesives for bonding engineering plastics when tested on a standard specimen and under specific conditions of preparation and testing.

Extracted, with permission, ASTM D 3807–98 (2004): Standard Test Method for Strength Properties of Adhesives in Cleavage Peel by Tension Loading (Engineering Plastics-to-Engineering Plastics), copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428. A copy of the complete standard may be purchased from ASTM International, phone:610-832-9585, fax: 610-832-9555, e-mail: service@astm.org, website: www.astm.org.

ASTM D 5041–98 (2004): Standard Test Method for Fracture Strength in Cleavage of Adhesives in Bonded Joints

This test method covers the determination of fracture strength in cleavage of adhesive bonds when tested on standard reinforced plastic specimens and under specified conditions of preparation and testing. While this test method is intended for use in reinforced plastic applications, it may be used for measuring fracture properties of adhesives using other plastic adherends, provided consideration is given to the thickness and should be of equal rigidity to the plastic adherends.

Extracted, with permission, from ASTM D 5041–98 (2004): Standard Test Method for Fracture Strength in Cleavage of Adhesives in Bonded Joints, copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428. A copy of the complete standard may be purchased from ASTM International, phone:610-832-9585, fax: 610-832-9555, e-mail: service@astm.org, website: www.astm.org.

Peel Tests

ASTM D 1781–98 (2004): Standard Test Method for Climbing Drum Peel for Adhesives

This test method covers the determination of the peel resistance of adhesive bonds between: a relatively flexible adherend and a rigid adherend; and the relatively flexible facing of a sandwich structure and its core, when tested under specified conditions.

Extracted, with permission, from ASTM D 1781–98 (2004): Standard Test Method for Climbing Drum Peel for Adhesives, copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428. A copy of the complete standard may be purchased from ASTM International, phone:610-832-9585, fax: 610-832-9555, e-mail: service@astm.org, website: www.astm.org.

ASTM D 1876–01: Standard Test Method for Peel Resistance of Adhesives (T-Peel Test)

This test method is primarily intended for determining the relative peel resistance of adhesive bonds between flexible adherends by means of a T-type specimen.

Extracted, with permission, from ASTM D 1876–01: Standard Test Method for Peel Resistance of Adhesives (T-Peel Test), copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428. A copy of the complete standard may be purchased from ASTM International, phone:610-832-9585, fax: 610-832-9555, e-mail: service@astm.org, website: www.astm.org.

ASTM D 3167–03a (2004): Standard Test Method for Floating Roller Peel Resistance of Adhesives

This test method covers the determination of the relative peel resistance of adhesive bonds between one rigid adherend and one flexible adherend when tested under specified conditions of preparation and testing. A variation in thickness of the adherends will generally influence the test values. For this reason, the thickness of the sheets used to make the test specimens shall be specified in the material specification. When no thickness is specified, the flexible adherend shall be 0.63 mm (0.025 in.) thick and the rigid adherend shall be 1.63 mm (0.064 in.) thick.

Extracted, with permission, from ASTM D 3167–03a (2004): Standard Test Method for Floating Roller Peel Resistance of Adhesives, copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428. A copy of the complete standard may be purchased from ASTM International, phone:610-832-9585, fax: 610-832-9555, e-mail: service@astm.org, website: www.astm.org.

Shear Tests

ASTM D 905–03: Standard Test Method for Strength Properties of Adhesive Bonds in Shear by Compression Loading

This test method covers the determination of the comparative shear strengths of adhesive bonds used for bonding wood and other similar materials, when tested on a standard specimen under specified conditions of preparation, conditioning, and loading in compression. This test method is intended primarily as an evaluation of adhesives for wood.

Extracted, with permission, from ASTM D 905–03: Standard Test Method for Strength Properties of Adhesive Bonds in Shear by Compression Loading, copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428. A copy of the complete standard may be purchased from ASTM International, phone:610-832-9585, fax: 610-832-9555, e-mail: service@astm.org, website: www.astm.org.

ASTM D 1002–01: Standard Test Method for Apparent Shear Strength of Single-Lap-Joint Adhesively Bonded Metal Specimens by Tension Loading (Metal-to-Metal)

This test method covers the determination of the apparent shear strengths of adhesives for bonding metals when tested on a standard single-lap-joint specimen and under specified conditions of preparation and test.

Extracted, with permission, from ASTM D 1002–01: Standard Test Method for Apparent Shear Strength of Single-Lap-Joint Adhesively Bonded Metal Specimens by Tension Loading (Metal-to-Metal), copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428. A copy of the complete standard may be purchased from ASTM International, phone:610-832-9585, fax: 610-832-9555, e-mail: service@astm.org, website: www.astm.org.

ASTM D 3044–94 (2000): Standard Test Method for Shear Modulus of Wood-Based Structural Panels

This test method covers determination of the shear modulus of wood-based structural panels associated with shear distortion in the plane of the panels. The method is applicable to all types of wood-based structural panels. The grain direction or orientation of the individual plies, laminations, or layers shall be parallel or perpendicular to the edge of the test specimen. If the plies, laminations, or layers are of different material or elastic properties, the method gives the effective shearing modulus. Wood-based structural panels in use include plywood, wafer-board, oriented strand board, and composites of veneer and of wood-based layers.

Note: This test method is primarily designed for material in which the grain or orientation of the individual plies, laminations, or layers is parallel or perpendicular to the edge of the specimen. It may be used, however, for plywood specimens where the grain is at 450 to the specimen edges if a four-ply panel with all plies of the same thickness is used. The controlling condition is that the EI (modulus of elasticity X moment of inertia) values along both diagonals shall be equal.

Extracted, with permission, from ASTM D 3044–94 (2000): Standard Test Method for Shear Modulus of Wood-Based Structural Panels, copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428. A copy of the complete standard may be purchased from ASTM International, phone:610-832-9585, fax: 610-832-9555, e-mail: service@astm.org, website: www.astm.org.

ASTM D 3163–01: Standard Test Method for Determining Strength of Adhesively Bonded Rigid Plastic Lap-Shear Joints in Shear by Tension Loading

This test method is intended to complement ASTM D 1002 and extend its application to single-lap shear adhesive joints of rigid plastic adherends. The test method is useful for generating comparative shear strength data for joints made from a number of plastics. It can also provide a means by which several plastic surface treatments can be compared.

Extracted, with permission, from ASTM D 3163–01: Standard Test Method for Determining Strength of Adhesively Bonded Rigid Plastic Lap-Shear Joints in Shear by Tension Loading, copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428. A copy of the complete standard may be purchased from ASTM International, phone:610-832-9585, fax: 610-832-9555, e-mail: service@astm.org, website: www.astm.org.

ASTM D 3164–03: Standard Test Method for Strength Properties of Adhesively Bonded Plastic Lap-Shear Sandwich Joints in Shear by Tension Loading

This test method is intended to complement ASTM D 1002 and ASTM D 3163 and extend its application to single-lap-shear adhesive joints employing plastic adherends. The test method is useful for generating comparative shear strength data for joints made from a number of plastics. It can also provide a means by which several plastics surface treatments can be compared.

Extracted, with permission, from ASTM D 3164–03: Standard Test Method for Strength Properties of Adhesively Bonded Plastic Lap-Shear Sandwich Joints in Shear by Tension Loading, copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428. A copy of the complete standard may be purchased from ASTM International, phone:610-832-9585, fax: 610-832-9555, e-mail: service@astm.org, website: www.astm.org.

ASTM D 3165–00: Standard Test Method for Strength Properties of Adhesives in Shear by Tension Loading of Single-Lap-Joint Laminated Assemblies

This test method (see Note 1) is intended for determining the comparative shear strengths of adhesives in large area joints when tested on a standard single-lap-joint specimen and under specified conditions of preparation and testing. Adhesives respond differently in small versus large area joints (see Note 2).

Note 1: While this test method is intended for use in metal-to-metal applications, it may be used for measuring the shear properties of adhesives using plastic adherends, provided consideration is given to the thickness and rigidity of the plastic adherends. Doublers may be required for plastic adherends to prevent bearing failure in the adherends.

Note 2: This variation can be influenced by adhesive density, flow characteristics, cure rate, gel time, carrier composition, entrapped volatiles, volatiles released during cure, etc. and also by cure cycle variables including: temperature, time, pressure, rise rate to temperature, cool-down rate, etc.

Extracted, with permission, from ASTM D 3165–00: Standard Test Method for Strength Properties of Adhesives in Shear by Tension Loading of Single-Lap-Joint Laminated Assemblies, copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428. A copy of the complete standard may be purchased from ASTM International, phone:610-832-9585, fax: 610-832-9555, e-mail: service@astm.org, website: www.astm.org.

ASTM D 3528–96 (2002): Standard Test Method for Strength Properties of Double Lap Shear Adhesive Joints by Tension Loading

This test method covers the determination of the tensile shear strengths of adhesives for bonding metals when tested in an essentially peel-free standard specimen that develops adhesive stress distribution representative of that developed in a typical low-peel production-type structural joint. The reproducibility of the strengths achieved is directly related to conformance with specified conditions of preparation and testing.

Extracted, with permission, from ASTM D 3528–96 (2002): Standard Test Method for Strength Properties of Double Lap Shear Adhesive Joints by Tension Loading, copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428. A copy of the complete standard may be purchased from ASTM International, phone:610-832-9585, fax: 610-832-9555, e-mail: service@astm.org, website: www.astm.org.

ASTM D 3983–98(2004): Standard Test Method for Measuring Strength and Shear Modulus of Nonrigid Adhesives by the Thick-Adherend Tensile-Lap Specimen

This test method describes a method of measuring the shear modulus and rupture stress in shear of adhesives in bonded joints. The method employs lap-shear specimens with wood, metal, or composite adherends, with adhesives having shear moduli ranging up to 700 MPa (100,000 psi). This test method is suitable generally for joints in which the ratio of adherend tensile modulus to adhesive shear modulus is greater than 300 to 1. It is not suitable for adhesives that have a high shear modulus in the cured state and that also require elimination of volatile constituents during cure.

Extracted, with permission, from ASTM D 3983–98(2004): Standard Test Method for Measuring Strength and Shear Modulus of Nonrigid Adhesives by the Thick-Adherend Tensile-Lap Specimen, copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428. A copy of the complete standard may be purchased from ASTM International, phone:610-832-9585, fax: 610-832-9555, e-mail: service@astm.org, website: www.astm.org.

ASTM D 4562–01: Standard Test Method for Shear Strength of Adhesives Using Pin-and-Collar Specimen

This test method covers the determination of the shear strength of curing liquid adhesives used for retaining cylindrical assemblies or for locking and sealing threaded fasteners.

Extracted, with permission, from ASTM D 4562–01: Standard Test Method for Shear Strength of Adhesives Using Pin-and-Collar Specimen, copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428. A copy of the complete standard may be purchased from ASTM International, phone:610-832-9585, fax: 610-832-9555, e-mail: service@astm.org, website: www.astm.org.

ASTM D 4896–01: Standard Guide for Use of Adhesive-Bonded Single Lap-Joint Specimen Test Results

This guide is directed toward the safe and appropriate use of strength values obtained from test methods using single-lap adhesive joint specimens. The discussion in the guide focuses on shear strength as measured with small thin-adherend, single-lap specimens. Many factors, however, apply to shear modulus, tensile strength, and tensile modulus measured by small laboratory specimens in general. This discussion is limited to single-lap specimens and shear strength only for simplification.

Extracted, with permission, from ASTM D 4896–01: Standard Guide for Use of Adhesive-Bonded Single Lap-Joint Specimen Test Results, copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428. A copy of the complete standard may be purchased from ASTM International, phone:610-832-9585, fax: 610-832-9555, e-mail: service@astm.org, website: www.astm.org.

ASTM D 5379/D5379M-98: Standard Test Method for Shear Properties of Composite Materials by the V-Notched Beam Method

This test method determines the shear properties of composite materials reinforced by high-modulus fibres. The composite materials are limited to continuous-fibre or discontinuous-fibre reinforced composites in the following material forms:

Laminates composed only of unidirectional fibrous laminae, with the fiber direction oriented either parallel or perpendicular to the loading axis.

Laminates composed only of woven-fabric filamentary laminae with the warp direction oriented either parallel or perpendicular to the loading axis.

Laminates composed only of unidirectional fibrous laminae, containing equal numbers of plies oriented at 0 and 90° in a balanced and symmetric stacking sequence, with the 0° direction oriented either parallel or perpendicular to the loading axis.

Short-fibre reinforced composites with a majority of the fibres being randomly distributed.

Note: This shear test concept was originally developed without reference to fibre direction for use on isotropic materials such as metals or ceramics.

Extracted, with permission, from ASTM D 5379/D5379M-98: Standard Test Method for Shear Properties of Composite Materials by the V-Notched Beam Method, copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428. A copy of the complete standard may be purchased from ASTM International, phone:610-832-9585, fax: 610-832-9555, e-mail: service@astm.org, website: www.astm.org.

ASTM D 5648–01: Standard Test Method for Torque-Tension Relationship of Adhesives Used on Threaded Fasteners (Lubricity)

This test method covers the determination of the torque-tension relationship (lubricity) of adhesives used for locking and sealing threaded fasteners.

Extracted, with permission, from ASTM D 5648–01: Standard Test Method for Torque-Tension Relationship of Adhesives Used on Threaded Fasteners (Lubricity), copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428. A copy of the complete standard may be purchased from ASTM International, phone:610-832-9585, fax: 610-832-9555, e-mail: service@astm.org, website: www.astm.org.

ASTM D 5656–04: Standard Test Method for Thick-Adherend Metal Lap-Shear Joints for Determination of the Stress-Strain Behaviour of Adhesives in Shear by Tension Loading

This test method covers the preparation and testing of thick-adherend lap-shear samples for the determination of the stress-strain behaviour of adhesives. This test method covers data reduction and analysis of stress-strain curves obtained using thick-adherend lap-shear samples.

Extracted, with permission, from ASTM D 5656–04: Standard Test Method for Thick-Adherend Metal Lap-Shear Joints for Determination of the Stress-Strain Behaviour of Adhesives in Shear by Tension Loading, copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428. A copy of the complete standard may be purchased from ASTM International, phone:610-832-9585, fax: 610-832-9555, e-mail: service@astm.org, website: www.astm.org.

ASTM D 5649–01: Standard Test Method for Torque Strength of Adhesives Used on Threaded Fasteners

This test method is used to make comparative assessments of the securing or locking effect of adhesives used in threaded assemblies.

Extracted, with permission, from ASTM D 5649–01: Standard Test Method for Torque Strength of Adhesives Used on Threaded Fasteners, copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428. A copy of the complete standard may be purchased from ASTM International, phone:610-832-9585, fax: 610-832-9555, e-mail: service@astm.org, website: www.astm.org.

Tensile Tests

ASTM D 897–01: Standard Test Method for Tensile Properties of Adhesive Bonds

This test method covers the determination of the comparative tensile properties of the adhesive bonds when tested on standard shape specimens and under defined conditions of pre-treatment, temperature, and testing machine speed.

Extracted, with permission, from ASTM D 897–01: Standard Test Method for Tensile Properties of Adhesive Bonds, copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428. A copy of the complete standard may be purchased from ASTM International, phone:610-832-9585, fax: 610-832-9555, e-mail: service@astm.org, website: www.astm.org.

ASTM D 2095–96(2002): Standard Test Method for Tensile Strength of Adhesives by Means of Bar and Rod Specimens

This test method covers the determination of the relative tensile strength of adhesives by the use of bar- and rod-shaped butt-joined specimens under defined conditions of preparation, conditioning, and testing. This test method is applicable to the testing of adhesives with various adherend materials in either similar or dissimilar combinations. An alternative test method for determining the tensile strength of adhesives is presented in ASTM D 897.

Extracted, with permission, from ASTM D 2095–96(2002): Standard Test Method for Tensile Strength of Adhesives by Means of Bar and Rod Specimens, copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428. A copy of the complete standard may be purchased from ASTM International, phone:610-832-9585, fax: 610-832-9555, e-mail: service@astm.org, website: www.astm.org.

Mechanical Properties - Other Tests

ASTM D 695–02a: Standard Test Method for Compressive Properties of Rigid Plastics

This test method covers the determination of the mechanical properties of unreinforced and reinforced rigid plastics, including high-modulus composites, when loaded in compression at relatively low uniform rates of straining or loading. Test specimens of standard shape are employed. For compressive properties of resin-matrix composites reinforced with oriented continuous, discontinuous, or cross-ply reinforcements, tests may be made in accordance with ASTM D 3410. The test method is technically equivalent to ISO 604.

Extracted, with permission, from ASTM D 695–02a: Standard Test Method for Compressive Properties of Rigid Plastics, copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428. A copy of the complete standard may be purchased from ASTM International, phone:610-832-9585, fax: 610-832-9555, e-mail: service@astm.org, website: www.astm.org.

ASTM D 1995–92 (2004): Standard Test Methods for Multi-Modal Strength Testing of Autohesives (Contact Adhesives)

These test methods cover procedures by which autohesives can be tested in four commonly practiced stressing modes, namely: compression shear, cleavage, climbing drum peel, and T-peel, and in various combinations of rigid-to-rigid, flexible-to-rigid, and flexible-to-flexible adherends that include wood, aluminium, steel flakeboard, and plastic laminates. Quantitative test methods that involve bond formation by impact are also provided. Three pressure modes are provided: static, roller, and impact. Because there are many types of contact adhesives being used to bond many different materials under widely differing conditions, these test methods are designed to allow the user to select the test mode, coating thickness, temperature and relative humidity conditions, pressure magnitude and mode, open time, and bond-conditioning time.

The bond-formation process used with autohesives is unlike that of all other adhesives and in consequence, testing of autohesives requires methods that are unlike those provided by other ASTM standards. A choice of adherends is available in each test mode. The combination of adherends that can be bonded together is limited (list provided). Methods for application of pressure are available in each test mode. For a particular combination of substrates, the means available for application of pressure are limited to those listed in the standard.

Extracted, with permission, from ASTM D 1995–92 (2004): Standard Test Methods for Multi-Modal Strength Testing of Autohesives (Contact Adhesives), copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428. A copy of the complete standard may be purchased from ASTM International, phone:610-832-9585, fax: 610-832-9555, e-mail: service@astm.org, website: www.astm.org.